Unit 4--Development

Chapter 10--INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

Section 1: The Study of Development

Basic Principles of Developmental Psychology

Methods of study:

• Cross-sectional--
• Longitudinal--
• Case Study--
• Testing--

Sensitive Periods of Development

• Sensitive--
• Prenatal Development--

Critical Periods of Development

• Critical--
• Prenatal Development--

Importance of Developmental Psychology

• influences all...
• helps to identify...
• key to understanding...

Question: What are the major theories of development?

MAJOR THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

• Some psychologists...

• Some psychologists also...

Section 2: Physical Development

Question: How do infants develop physically?

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS

• Height and weight...

• Muscles and nervous...

Section 3: Social Development

Question: What are some of the ways infants and children develop socially?

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN

• Attachment –

• Styles of Parenting -

  • Warm or Cold –

  • Strict or Permissive –

• Child Care –

• Self-Esteem –

Section 4: Cognitive Development

Question: What are the stages in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

PIAGET’S THEORY

• Four stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development:

1. Sensorimotor Stage –

2. Preoperational Stage –

3. Concrete-Operational Stage –

4. Formational-Operational Stage –

Question: What are the stages in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

KOHLBERG’S THEORY

• Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development follows a specific sequence:

1. Preconventional Level –

2. Conventional Level –

3. Postconventional Level –

Section 5:  Birth Order

• Alfred Adler pioneered a study...

1. A child's position in the family is...
2. Believed it was not the numerical birth position that mattered, but...
3. The situations created by Birth Order lead to...
4. Gender is also a factor with Birth Order—
5. Birth Order may also influence choice of a marriage partner—

3 + 1 Birth Order Theory

• First Born:

1. Almost everything a firstborn does...
2. Firstborns learn to be...
3. Demand a lot of...
4. Fear of failure and Fear of...
5. Leadership is based on...

• Middle Born:

1. Undefined status—
2. Rebellion—
3. Outgoing—
4. Shift Blame/Responsibility—

• Last Born:

1. Has definite advantages and disadvantages:
   • fussed over...
   • may feel that they never...
2. Learn to be “peacemakers”—
3. Identify with...
4. Tend to be...

• Only Children:

1. Unique experience...
   • Challenge One:
     •  
   • Challenge Two:
     •  
   • Challenge Three:
     •  

Section 1: Physical Development

Question: How do males and females change physically during adolescence, and what are the psychological effects of these changes?

PHYSICAL CHANGES IN BOTH SEXES

• Adolescent growth spurt –

• Sexual Development –

Question: How do males and females change physically during adolescence, and what are the psychological effects of these changes?

PHYSICAL CHANGES IN MALES

• Testes increase the output of...
• During this period of...

PHYSICAL CHANGES IN FEMALES

• Hormones from the...
• Girls also produce...

• First menstrual cycle...

Section 2: Social Development

Question: What role do parents and peers play in the lives of adolescents?

PARENTS AND PEERS INFLUENCE ADOLESCENTS

• Teens spend more...

• Teens become more...

• Teenagers continue to...

• Adolescents are influenced by...

Section 3: Identity Formation

Question: What is identity formation, and what are the four categories of adolescent identity status?

IDENTITY FORMATION

Identity formation is the process of...

CATEGORIES OF ADOLESCENT IDENTITY STATUS

• Identity moratorium –

• Identity foreclosure –

• Identity diffusion –

• Identity achievement –

Section 4: Changes of Adolescence

Question: What are some of the challenges that adolescents face in today’s society?

CHALLENGES OF TODAY’S ADOLESCENTS

• Dealing with...

• Substance abuse

• Sexuality – how and when to express it

• Juvenile delinquency –

EATING DISORDERS

• Anorexia Nervosa –

• Bulimia Nervosa –

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

• Drug & Alcohol Experimentation

  • Can be a...

  • Linked to moral development & peer pressure—

  • Related to other issues/problems—

ISSUES RELATED TO SEXUALITY

• Difference between...

• Understanding consequences—

• Appropriate expression—

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

• Rebellion issues

• Labeling issues—

• Peer...

• Self-respect or...

Chapter 12--ADULTHOOD

Section 1: Young Adulthood

Question: What are the characteristics and issues of young adulthood?

CHARACTERISTICS AND ISSUES OF YOUNG ADULTHOOD

• Reassessment of ...

• Urge to ...

• Formation of ...

Section 2: Middle Adulthood

Question: What are the changes that occur and the issues that are faced in middle adulthood?

CHARACTERISTICS AND ISSUES FACED IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

• Generativity –

• Transition –

• Empty-Nest Syndrome –

Section 3: Late Adulthood

Question: How do people’s lives change in late adulthood?

HOW LIVES CHANGE IN LATE ADULTHOOD

• Physical Changes –

• Cognitive Changes –

• Social Changes –

Section 4: Death and Dying

Question: What are attitudes and issues related to death and dying?

ATTITUDES AND ISSUES OF DEATH AND DYING

• Hospice ...

• The Funeral –

• Bereavement –