Reform in America
1880-1920

Modules 12-14

Rural America Calls for Reform

·         In the late 1800s _______________________ to protect themselves financially.

·         1873—paper money was _______________________in circulation. Farmers wanted money to be backed by silver—_______________________

·         _______________________--The Supreme Court ruled that only the _______________________.

·         Congress then _______________________ regulate/control rates for shipping from state to state—equality of opportunity

·         _______________________, calling for bank regulation, government-owned railroads and free coinage of silver.

·         Their stand against _______________________—national political party

Populists and Progressives

·         The Populist Party backed a _______________________—William Jennings Bryan—his loss ended the national party

·         Reformers _______________________—sought “progress”

1.       Called the Progressive Movement—_______________________

2.       included _______________________

3.       _______________________conservation

4.       coupled with a Gospel Revival (1880s-1920s)— _______________________  (Social Gospel reformers)

5.       controls _______________________and are later seen in the _______________________ 20th century

6.       Reformers _______________________ and well-being of citizens—The Public Good

Progressivism becomes a Social Movement

·         Reform movements _______________________ by seeking legal protections the working class & poor

·         Muckrakers—_______________________& the plight of the unfortunate in hopes of sparking _______________________

1. Jacob Riis

o   Danish immigrant _______________________

o   _______________________ magazines, photographs, and a best-selling book

o   _______________________ city reforms.

o   Worked with _______________________

2.       Ida Tarbell

o   Exposed _______________________—John D. Rockefeller

o   _______________________—broke up Standard Oil

o   Appealed _______________________ power

3.       Lincoln Steffens

o   Wrote the book _______________________

o   _______________________ city governments

4.       Frank Norris

o   _______________________ Nebraska

o   _______________________ monopolies in a 1901 novel

·         Reformers in the Workplace—_______________________

1.       Florence Kelley _______________________ and to limit women’s working hours (1893).

o   1904—helped _______________________ to regulate child labor to encourage education of youth

o   1912—_______________________—not strictly enforced—_______________________

2.       _______________________—passed in Oregon and Utah.

3.       Labor unions and _______________________—adopted in 1938.

4.       Upton Sinclair _______________________ industry

5.       Concerns _______________________ led to the _______________________

Fighting for Civil Rights—Reformers fought _______________________ reform groups.

·         NAACP

1.       National Association for _______________________ (1909)—W.E.B. DuBois

2.       Pushed for _______________________

3.       _______________________ in federal government (1913) _______________________

4.       1915: brought attention to _______________________—banned in 8 states

·         ADL

1. _______________________ League
2. Formed by _______________________, in 1913
3. Fought _______________________, which was common in America
4. Publisher of the New York Times was a member—_______________________

Government Reforms

·         City & State Governments

1.       Reforming government _______________________:  reform the police, end debtor prison, fairer tax system

2.       promoted new _______________________ for large industries

·         Worked to _______________________ & Bosses

·         Some measures Progressives fought for include

Rise of the Women’s Suffrage Movement

·         After the Civil War, _______________________—_______________________former slaves voting rights were protected

·         _______________________ to African American men but not to women.

·         Women began to see success in the West—(1869) _______________________, followed by Utah Territory (1870) and five more western states by 1890

·         Susan B. Anthony Tests the Law

1. _______________________ Congress from 1869 to 1906
2. In 1872 she & _______________________, voted for a congressional representative in Rochester, New York, _______________________.
3. _______________________about women’s voting rights, _______________________ testify on her own behalf & fined her $100.
4. Anthony _______________________ so she could be tried through the courts, but the judge did not imprison her.
5. 1873—_______________________, It did not automatically grant them voting rights—was up to the _______________________.

Prohibition

·         _______________________ the Prohibition movement, _______________________, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages.

·         _______________________ responsible for crime, poverty, and violence.

·         Two major _______________________ against alcohol.

1. The Anti-_______________________
2. The _______________________, headed by Frances Willard, which was a powerful force for both temperance and women’s rights

·         Evangelists like _______________________, and Nation smashed up _______________________ a Bible.

·         _______________________ in 1917, prohibiting the _______________________. It was ratified in 1919 but was so _______________________.

The Progressive Era Presidents

·         Theodore Roosevelt

1.       Progressive causes

o   _______________________ conservation

o   trust _______________________

o   _______________________ reform

o   _______________________ (The Square Deal)—Pure Food & Drug Act

2.       Scorecard on reform

o   Successful

o   _______________________—Bully Pulpit

o   opposition _______________________ issues

o   Unable to _______________________ relations

·         William Howard Taft

1.       Progressive causes

o   similar _______________________

o   _______________________ or outspoken

o   Used the _______________________

2.       Scorecard on reform—

o   mixed results

o   criticism _______________________

o   split in the _______________________

o   Roosevelt formed the _______________________

·         Woodrow Wilson

1. Progressive causes

o   labor unions

o   election reform

o   economic reform _______________________

2. Scorecard on reform

o   _______________________  (control over business) of the government

o   women’s suffrage

o   allowed _______________________as official policy

o   refused to _______________________